Flora & Fauna

How many are your works, LORD!
In wisdom you made them all;
the earth is full of your creatures.
Psalm 104:24

California is rich in plant life and absolutely brimming with wildlife.  Below are lists of articles pertaining to individual species of plants and animals, organized by broad taxonomic group.

Because I spend more time and energy on birds than any other group, a comprehensive list of bird species can be found here.


California Plants

With over 6,000 species, many of which are found nowhere else in the world, California is home to more native plants than any other state!

Suggested Reading: Introduction to California Plant Life  (Robert Ornduff, Phyllis M. Faber, Todd Keeler-Wolf)





















Mammals

 Approximately 220 species of mammals are found in California, 40 of which are marine.  Around 40 species and subspecies are considered threatened or endangered.

 Recommended Guide: Mammals of California













Reptiles & Amphibians 
(affectionately known as "Herps")

Over 100 species of reptiles (turtles, lizards and snakes) and nearly 80 species of amphibians (salamanders, frogs and toads) are found in California.  In general, amphibian diversity is greatest in the cool, moist, forested parts of the state, while reptile diversity is highest in hot, dry, desert regions.

Recommended Guide: Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of California












Fish

Admittedly, I'm not much of an ichthyologist, but for those who do study fish, California has a wide array of freshwater and marine fishes, even some very important anadromous species, like salmon!

Recommended Guide: Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes of California









Insects and Friends

Not surprisingly, California's great diversity of habitats and plant communities makes it an excellent place to be an entomologist!

General Guide: California Insects
Specific Guides: Butterflies; Dragonflies & Damselflies; Bees; Spiders













Other Invertebrates

Often overlooked, invertebrates (besides insects and arachnids) are usually near the bottom of the food chain, quietly providing life-giving sustenance to many of the animals listed above!







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About Me

Named after the Sierra Nevada Mountains, I am a naturalist and avid birder based in Central California. Above all, I am a follower of Jesus Christ, our amazingly good Creator God whose magnificent creation is an unending source of awe and inspiration for me. I hope to inspire others to appreciate, respect and protect this beautiful earth we share, and invite you to come along with me as I explore the nature of California and beyond!
- Siera Nystrom -



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All The Ducks!

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On a recent birding trip to Merced National Wildlife Refuge, I tallied up a list of sixteen different species of ducks.  Only a few more species, around twenty in total, are expected in the Central Valley of California's freshwater marshes during the winter, so I consider that to be an excellent day for ducks! North American ducks are broadly separated into two categories, largely based on their methods of foraging for food.   Dabbling ducks , also known as "puddle ducks," tend to frequent shallow water, where they are commonly seen tipping bottoms-up to feed on plant matter and invertebrates in the water and on the muddy bottom.  They are most at home in water, but walk easily on land as well, as their legs are positioned near the center of their bodies.  The wings of dabbling ducks are relatively large, which allows them to take off from the surface of the water, straight up into their air.  Dabbling ducks almost all nest on the ground, near water....
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Joshua Tree Woodlands: A Tale of Sloths, Moths and the Trees that Need Them

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In 1844, early California explorer John C. Fremont gave a somewhat scathing review of Joshua trees when he wrote, "...their stiff and ungraceful form makes them to the traveler the most repulsive tree in the vegetable kingdom."  Rather unkind, don't you think?  But when Joshua trees were formally described by scientist William Trelease in the 1890's, he noted that Joshua Trees are "the most attractive of all the Yuccas."  I am inclined to agree with this sentiment, and must disagree most heartily with Lieutenant Fremont! I, for one, adore Joshua Trees, with their whimsical shapes and great ecological significance!  If you struggle with plant identification, the iconic Joshua tree, hallmark of the Mojave Desert, is a good place to start.  With densely spiked tufts protruding from the ends of gangly arms stretched towards the heavens, this looks like a plant straight from a Dr. Seuss book....
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Birds of the Desert: Residents & Spring Migrants

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Nearly everyone knows the desert as a barren, desolate land of extremes: high heat, low precipitation; little available food and water; prickly, spiny, unfriendly plants growing in a sea of rocks and sand as far as the eye can see.  But for those who stop and look closer, the desert reveals itself as the beautiful, incredible, mesmerizing place it truly is, teeming with unexpected life. Juvenile male Costa's Hummingbird visiting chuparosa blooms next to our campsite in Anza-Borrego Desert State Park. I particularly love the desert in the spring, when the annual wildflowers, cacti, flowering trees and shrubs are all in bloom.  (I've experienced the desert in the searing 120 degree heat of summer, and the rainy, even snowy cold of winter... and spring wins every time!)  Eric and I just returned from a week in the Colorado desert, exploring the imperiled, accidental Salton Sea (more on that coming soon), the vital wetlands of the Sonny Bono Salton ...
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Birding in Adverse Weather Conditions: Wind and Rain

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Though I often extol the virtues and merits of winter in the Central Valley , especially when it comes to birding, the whole truth is that we experience "bad" weather also, just like anywhere else.  But even when the winter weather rolls in, the birds are still out there!  And sometimes, despite our best planning efforts, a birding day happens to coincide with crummy weather.   In that case, what's a birder to do?  Usually, we go birding anyway!   Birders far more intrepid than I regularly brave the ice and snow of northern winters to see their favorite birds, so perhaps you should look to them for real tips on winter birding!  For those of us in the valleys of California, the worst weather we see - wind and rain - is really comparatively mild.  Birding on an extremely windy day! I don't know of anyone who actually likes birding in the rain.  But I would argue that birding in the wind is just as aggravating as trying to bird in the rai...
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A Shorebird Primer: Godwits, Curlews, Willets and Whimbrels

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For those of us living in the Great Central Valley, autumn is the time to head to the coast.  Of course, there is no bad time to visit California's magnificent coastline.  But as the heat and haze of summer drag on in the Valley, the sea becomes increasingly tantalizing: September and the onset of autumn bring sunny weather and an abundance of migratory seabirds and shorebirds to our coast. A new birder visiting California's Central Coast will undoubtedly be met with a splendid array of very confusing birds.  Among these are small shorebirds like  "peeps" (sandpipers), Sanderlings and various  plovers .  But the larger birds can be just as confusing, until you learn a few distinguishing features.  Four large shorebirds that are commonly seen (and commonly confused) along California's Central Coast are Godwits, Curlews, Willets and Whimbrels. Marbled Godwit (upper left), Whimbrel (upper right), Long-billed Cu...
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Winter Gulls: The Great I.D. Challenge

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Gulls are a fun challenge for birders, from beginners to experts.  A few things make gulls an interesting study: they are large and conspicuous in their open habitats, so they are easy to see, easy to put a scope on, and easy to watch and study for long periods of time.  Furthermore, gulls are almost always identifiable as gulls; none of this confusing warbler/vireo/kinglet nonsense! And yet, gulls are almost impossibly difficult!  (Though perhaps not nearly as difficult as Empidonax flycatchers!) An intimidating scene to many a birder: a mixed flock of gulls.  I see five different species of gull here. Oh, and one American Coot in the background. One of the reasons they are so complicated is most gull species take two or three years to achieve adult plumage, and go through multiple molts in a year.  So, you may be looking at three or four gulls together that look like four completely different species, when they are actually just different ages (...
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